Second-Person Point of View Literary Definition

The second-person point of view uses the imperative mood and the pronouns you, your, and yours to address readers or listeners directly. While the second-person point of view is a rare stylistic choice for narrative voice in fiction, it does appear in letters, speeches, and other forms of nonfiction, including many types of business and technical writing. Understanding and Usage of Second-Person POV Sin and Syntax author Constance Hale offers these thoughts on why a second-person point of view works so well: The second-person pronoun (you) lets the author hook the reader as if in conversation. Call it cozy. Call it confiding, she writes. You is a favorite of the Plain English folks, who view it as an antidote to the stiff impersonality of legalese and urge bureaucrats to write as if speaking to the public. As effective as second-person can be, however, there are some caveats to consider, especially when it comes to the tone of your writing. Novelist and guide-to-fiction-writing author Monica Wood cautions that writers must take care not to let the you character sound like an outtake from a Humphrey Bogart movie... The second person one can easily slip into hard-boiled detective mode: You approach the door. You knock. You turn the knob. You hold your breath. Wood says the best way to avoid this pitfall is to [vary] your sentence constructions. Second-Person POV in Advertising and Politics Advertising is a medium in which the second-person point of view is frequently leveraged as a marketing tool. Advertisers employ specific language designed to mirror personal, rather than business relationships in an attempt to set off consumers emotional triggers—vanity, fear, or even altruism—in order to create an urgent need to act (as in buy) in response. Advertising copywriters often rely on second-person pronouns paired with the imperative voice to hammer a messages home, and routinely pepper their phrasing with contractions and colloquialisms to make copy sound as if it had been written in the persona of a peer or colleague, rather than by someone targeting a potential consumer. Here are just a few examples of this strategy: For all you do, this Buds for you.—BudweiserBetcha Cant Eat Just One.—Lays Potato ChipsBecause Youre Worth It.—LOrà ©al Paris Political campaigns turning to second-person for both exigence rhetoric and anti-rhetoric aimed at voters deep-seated beliefs and sympathies—as well as their outrage, prejudices, and frustrations—is nothing new. Back in 1888, Ulysses S. Grants presidential campaign slogan was â€Å"Vote as You Shot.† Second-Person Point of View, Example I You have brains in your head. You have feet in your shoes. You can steer yourself any direction you choose. You’re on your own. And you know what you know. And YOU are the guy who’ll decide where to go.—From Oh, the Places You’ll Go! by Dr. Seuss Second-Person Point of View, Example II When you yourself put words on paper, remember that the most damning revelation you can make about yourself is that you do not know what is interesting and what is not. Don’t you yourself like or dislike writers mainly for what they choose to show you or make you think about? Did you ever admire an empty-headed writer for his or her mastery of the language? No. So your own winning literary style must begin with interesting ideas in your head. Find a subject you care about and which you in your heart feel others should care about.—From How to Write With Style by Kurt Vonnegut Second-Person Point of View, Example III Consider what you could do with a chip in your ​head that linked directly to the Internet: Within milliseconds, you could retrieve just about any piece of information. And with the collective knowledge of the Web at your disposal, you could quickly fill in your brain’s normal memory gaps—no one would ever guess you slept through that economics seminar.—From Brain Hacking by Maria Konnikova in the Atlantic, June 2015   Second-Person Point of View, Example IV You are a sculptor. You climb a great ladder; you pour grease all over a growing longleaf pine. Next, you build a hollow cylinder like a cofferdam around the entire pine, and grease its inside walls. You climb your ladder and spend the next week pouring wet plaster into the cofferdam, over and inside the pine. You wait; the plaster hardens. Now open the walls of the dam, split the plaster, saw down the tree, remove it, discard, and your intricate sculpture is ready: this is the shape of part of the air.—From Pilgrim at Tinker Creek by Annie Dillard Sources Hale, Constance. Sin and Syntax: How to Craft Wickedly Effective Prose. Random House. 2001Wood, Monica. Description. Writers Digest Books. 1995Gibson, Walker. Persona: A Style Study for Readers and Writers. Random House. 1969

Analysis Of Lantana Directed By Ray Lawrence And The Novel...

Australian landscapes have long been used to place fear and anxiety in the Anglo-Australian’s psyche. This anxiety and the requirement for Indigenous peoples to negotiate white ideals is reflected in current Australian literature and cinematic identities. This essay will discuss the critical arguments of what makes the chosen texts Australian literature. This discussion will be restricted to the critiques of the film Lantana directed by Ray Lawrence and the novel Biten’ Back written by Vivienne Cleven. The will firstly look at the use of landscape as a crime scene and how this links to the anxieties caused by the doctrine of terra nullius and the perceived threats from an introduced species. It will then look at the Australian fear of a different ‘other’ followed then by a discussion around masculinity and the need for Indigenous people to negotiate white ideals. The essay will argue that Australian literature and film reflect a nation that still has anxieties about the true sovereignty of the land and assert that Indigenous people have a requirement to fit in with white ideals. Landscape as a crime scene is a familiar trope in Australian literature and cinema, and one which has been used within the film Lantana. One aspect of this trope sees white women and children disappearing into the bush, desserts and mysterious rock formations, and where men die seemingly killed by nothing but the landscape (Duncanson 25). It is here that Lantana sits amidst a paradigm of

Our Right to Drugs Essay Example For Students

Our Right to Drugs Essay You might be tempted to label Thomas Szasz, author of Our Right to Drugs, The Case for a Free Market, a counter-culture hippie. However, this analysis couldnt be further from the truth. Szasz, a Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry at the State University of New York Health Science Center in Syracuse, is a major supporter of civil liberties. He sees the so-called War on Drugs as one of the worst atrocities that the American Government has perpetrated on its people. Szasz contends that the prohibition of certain drugs, including common prescription drugs, is nothing more than the government telling the people that father knows best. It is this paternalistic attitude that Szasz finds so oppressive. Mr. Szasz makes three key arguments throughout his book. First, the War on Drugs is a failure and can never succeed. It should be stopped immediately. Second, drug legalization is not a viable answer. It would only turn into another attempt by the government to control drugs and would not be any more of a free market than the current system of drug prohibition. Third, he proposes a solution. The solution is to end all drug regulation by the government; in effect, creating a free market for drugs. He doesnt stop at illicit drugs, however. He also includes prescription drugs in this solution as well. He sees the governments drug control policy as an attempt by the government to control its population, much like a parent controls his/her children. In order to get at what Mr. Szasz is saying, we must first examine his definition of what a free market is. Szasz defines the free market as the right of every competent adult to trade in goods and services. (Szasz, page 2). In other words, he is outlining a laissez-faire system of the free market. Szasz contends that the governments only role in a free market is to protect people from force and fraud and, to the maximum extent possible, abstain from participating in the production and distribution of goods and services. (Szasz, page 2). In this system of laissez-faire, the government has a very small role. According to Szasz, the government should have a passive role in any market, including the market for drugs. Once the government gives up its active role, which is represented by the war on drugs, a free market for drugs which Szasz proposes can be attained. As we delve into Mr. Szaszs first argument, we begin to see major problems with the governments War on Drugs. According to S zasz, the prohibition of drugs is a blatant violation of human rights guaranteed to American citizens by the Constitution. In order to prove his point, he equates drugs to personal property. According to the Constitution, every American citizen shall have the inalienable right to life, liberty, and property, the first two elements resting squarely on the last. (Szasz, 1). Thus, Szasz contends that because both our bodies and drugs are types of propertyproducing, trading in, and using drugs are property rights, and drug prohibitions constitute a deprivation of basic constitutional rights. (Szasz, 2). In other words, just like the prohibition of alcohol required a constitutional amendment, so does the prohibition of drugs. Without that amendment, the prohibition of drugs is in direct violation of the Constitution. The second argument that Szasz makes is one, surprisingly enough, against the legalization of drugs. Even though Szasz argues for a free market for drugs, this is much different from the argument that self-proclaimed drug legalizers make. According to Szasz, most proponents of drug legalization argue for what he calls Legalization as Taxation (Szasz, page 106). Ethan Nadelmann, professor of politics and public affairs at Princeton University, claims the following,Lets say we decide, okay, were not going to legalize crack; what we will do is legalize 15-percent cocaine. . . . Yes, some people are still going to want to go to the black market. . . and buy crack. You wont be able to prevent that. But lets say 70 percent of the market will be using the legal, less potent substance. Thats good, because the government taxes it, regulates it. . . . The object is to undercut the criminal element (Szasz, page 106). .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .postImageUrl , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:visited , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:active { border:0!important; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:active , .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucd095972108d294f7a4c5dfcfa17a3df:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychology Essay ExampleFrom this, we can only conclude that proponents of so called drug legalization are only pushing the legalization in order to eliminate or significantly reduce the criminal element. However, Szasz continues to add that Undercutting the criminal element is a far cry from seriously engaging the problem of drug controls, (Szasz, page 107). In other words, even though legalization is possibly a step in the right direction, it still wouldnt bring this country out of the woods. In comparison, Szasz analyzes how legalizing drugs would be much like the system of prescription medication. The comparison between the prescription drug to the illicit drug is one of Szaszs most compelling arguments. According to Szasz, we will never be able to control all the substances out there. Szasz outlines how this mentality is much like an overprotective parent. The government doesnt trust its own people with their own bodies and the decisions that affect their bodies. Szasz states, in no uncertain terms, that people should be able to do whatever they want to their own bodies. This leads directly into Szaszs third argument. Szasz argues that the solution to the countrys drug problems is to lift all prohibitions on all drugs, illicit and prescription. Then and only then would our government be obeying the Constitution as it is written. This laissez-faire system places the responsibility on the American people to police themselves when it comes to drugs. However, Szasz says that he recognizes a need for limiting the free market in drugs, just as he recognizes a need for limiting the free market in many other goods. The legitimate place for that limit, however, is where free access to a particular product presents a clear and present danger to the safety and security of others. (Szasz, page 7). Thus, Szasz recognizes that if people pose a threat to the Constitutional rights of others, the government is obligated to step in and regulate, much as it does with dynamite or guns. This should be the governments only role, however. It has no legal right to do anythi ng else. Szasz has really done something amazing with this book. Being a child of the 1980s, I have had anti-drug propaganda shoved down my throat at every corner. Whether it was just say no or images of how stupid marijuana made you, it was a staple of a young boys life. It even got to me. The government convinced me that drugs were evil, something that only hardened criminals did. Even worse, drugs could transform a little boy into a hardened criminal. What Szasz has been able to do with his arguments, however, is open my eyes to the other side of the debate. Now, given the knowledge his book has given me, I am able to make more informed decisions when it comes to the laws of our country. I only hope that one day I am in a position to educate more people of the atrocities our government is guilty of. Bibliography:

Research Process and Terminology free essay sample

Research Process and Terminology Laytoya Wilson CJA/334 26 June 2011 University of Phoenix Research involves the study of something to discover facts and maybe even apply the findings in order to change something. There are two types of research, there is basic or pure research and then there is applied research, in which you really don’t need both in order to complete a study but in most cases is a good idea. Researchers have their own language, like doctors and police officers, researchers use researchese in order to understand the terminology used by scientist so that they are able to properly conduct research. The question is how will acknowledging and understanding these terms in a research study help analyze the data collected? The research process involves steps that must be taken in order to get an accurate collection of factual information. As defined at (dictionary. com, 2011), â€Å"research is diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, application, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Process and Terminology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first step in the research process is the problem formulation in which the overlook of what is being investigated or studied. For example, if a large prison was conducting a study that involved male inmates with a high risk factor of returning to prison for the same crime like armed robbery and car theft. The first step is the most important because it gives the researcher purpose for the study as well as a guide to what is needed. The next step is the design of research to be done. The research design according to (Hagan,2010), is the type of experimental or non-experimental approach, studies of a group (or groups) at one time or over a period of time, and use of control groups, (p. 19). Then there is the collection of data, this is the third step in the research process. The method of which data is collected could be by observing a particular person, place, or thing as well as the reanalysis of any past data, questionnaires that may come in the U. S. post or by person to person interviews. For example, neighborhoods watch that is conducted by a local police department, gathering information from the citizens within the community by mailing out infamous questionnaires with paid return postage, to gain a vast amount of information in order to apply what is needed in the neighborhood to bring down break-ins within a certain area. The step in the research process is the analyzing and presentation of the finding or summarizing, reporting, and statistically analyzing where appropriate and presenting findings, (Hagan, 2010, p. 19). Then there is the conclusions, this just the end of the research process with what the researcher thinks is the basis of the research is as well as what is said by conducting this research and gathering the facts. In following these five steps the process of research the outcome could be basic in which it is just for informative facts or whether it is a basis of change behind the study. Why is the terminology used by researchers important for them to know and understand? Terminology used by researchers is a language of their own for them to understand in the field of work just like police jargon and medical terminology used by doctors. For example, the use of the words replication and verification, too many replications can mean the copy of something and verification means the confirmation of facts. Whereas in a criminal justice scientific research project or the study of something to gain knowledge; the word replication means â€Å"the repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the methodology† (Hagan, 2010, p. 6). What is methodology? I would say maybe the way that factual information is accurate or just the â€Å"what is† and the why. These terms prove helpful in a career of criminal justice research as they apply to real life concepts and situations. They can also prove incompetence to those who may not grasp the full knowledge and understanding of the research language. In knowing what the terms mean in a research study can be a huge asset in evaluating and analyzing research studies or data. For example in using the term basic research and applied research, without knowing the difference between the two one may become confused in the research and what is needed from it. With basic or pure research, the gain of facts is the basis of the study, whereas with applied research the fact findings are applied in order for a change to occur like in a drug ridden neighborhood. For instance, two police departments in the inner city conduct a study on neighborhoods with high drug trafficking rates and apply the facts of the study like what area is the most affect and can be done according to the study in order to reduce the problem. In conclusion the discussion of how to conduct an accurate and sufficient research process as well as the steps to take. I also spoke of research terminology as it will apply to a career in criminal justice. The knowledge of knowing the proper terminology, and how it affects criminal justice research, as well as how it is an asset in evaluating, and analyzing research studies or data. Many of the terms used are also used in day to day conversations and may have a different meaning to researchers as it would to say a person in the medical field or the financial field. All in all this is a small sample of what the process of research takes and the outcome of the facts gathered by the researchers. References EBOOK COLLECTION:  Hagan, F. E. (2010). Research methods in criminal justice and criminology (8th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from http://dictionary. reference. com/browser/research. dictionary. com. June 26, 2011.